legal duty
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
Legal duty (noun): An obligation imposed by law that requires a person to perform a specific action or to refrain from performing a specific action. Failure to fulfill a legal duty can result in liability or legal penalties.
Usage
A legal duty is a formal requirement established by statute, regulation, contract, or common law (court decisions). It is a foundational concept in areas like tort law (e.g., the duty of care), contract law, and criminal law. The duty defines what a person must do or must not do.
Examples
- The driver of a vehicle has a legal duty to operate it with reasonable care to avoid harming others.
- A company has a legal duty to provide a safe working environment for its employees.
- A witness who receives a subpoena has a legal duty to appear in court.
- A fiduciary, such as a trustee, has a legal duty to act in the best interest of the beneficiary.
- Citizens have a legal duty to refrain from committing acts of violence against others.
Advanced Usage
- Creation of a Duty: A legal duty can arise from a special relationship (e.g., doctor-patient, parent-child), a voluntary assumption of responsibility, or a statute.
- Breach of Duty: This occurs when a person fails to meet the standard of conduct required by their legal duty. A breach is a necessary element for establishing negligence or liability in a lawsuit.
- No Legal Duty to Rescue: In many jurisdictions, there is no general legal duty to rescue a stranger in peril, unless a special relationship exists or the potential rescuer created the danger.
Variants and Related Words
- Duty of Care (noun phrase): A specific type of legal duty requiring a person to exercise the level of caution and prudence that a reasonable person would in similar circumstances to avoid causing harm.
- Fiduciary Duty (noun phrase): A legal duty of utmost good faith, trust, and loyalty owed by one party (the fiduciary) to another (the principal or beneficiary).
- Statutory Duty (noun phrase): A legal duty explicitly created by a written law passed by a legislative body.
- Duty-bound (adjective): Being compelled or obligated by duty.
Synonyms
- Obligation (in a legal context)
- Responsibility (in a legal context)
- Requirement
- Mandate
Antonyms
- Legal right
- Privilege
- Discretion (in a legal context)
Related Phrases
- To owe a duty: To have a legal obligation towards someone.
- The accountant owes a duty of confidentiality to the client.
- To be under a duty: To be subject to a legal obligation.
- Employers are under a duty to withhold income taxes.
- To discharge/fulfill a duty: To completely perform or meet the requirements of a legal obligation.
- The executor discharged her duty by distributing the estate according to the will.
Noun
- acts which the law requires be done or forborne